Meaning of Toll Road Abbreviations, History, and Development of Toll Roads in Indonesia
The use of toll roads is certainly not unfamiliar to car drivers. Toll roads are popularly known for connecting distances between cities to make travel faster and more comfortable for four-wheeled vehicles. However, there are now quite a few toll roads within cities that are built with short distances to smooth traffic flow.
Compared to its arterial roads, Jakarta has quite a number of toll road segments connecting the Jabodetabek area. Even so, you might often use toll roads only for long-distance trips. That's fine; paying tolls can sometimes be an option that you can adjust according to your driving needs.
Abbreviation of Toll Road
A toll road is a four-wheeled vehicle lane that is an abbreviation of tax on location. Yes, that's why you will be charged a fee when passing through several stops on the toll road. The fees charged when using toll roads also vary according to the length of the route.
In other countries, highways that function like toll roads in Indonesia are known as freeway, highway, and expressway. The use of these roads does not incur any fees and is found in several countries such as Australia, India, Japan, Canada, the United States, and many more. Singapore and Malaysia also operate expressway, while the Philippines and Thailand have highway.
History of Toll Roads in Indonesia
In 1973, the Indonesian government received foreign loan funds that were handed over to PT Jasa Marga as capital participation for the Jakarta – Bogor – Ciawi (Jagorawi) toll road budget. The history of the first toll road in Indonesia was marked by the inauguration of the Jagorawi toll road by President Suharto on March 9, 1978.
At that time, the land acquisition was funded by the government, and its construction was still carried out by state-owned enterprises. The total construction of the Jagorawi toll road cost around Rp 16 billion with a road length of 52 kilometers. At the time of its inauguration, the construction of the Jagorawi toll road only included the Jakarta – Citeureup segment.
The Jagorawi toll road was first used by car drivers who usually took the Cibinong or Parung route from Bogor to Jakarta. At the first inauguration, there were eight toll entry points that could be used and could accommodate a capacity of up to 50,000 four-wheeled vehicles each day.
The development of toll roads in Indonesia continued to evolve until the automation of the payment system at toll gates. Yes, the use of electronic money or more popularly known as e-money has been mandatory since October 2017 for all toll road users in Indonesia. The use of e-money is aimed at changing the manual cash payment system to a faster and computerized payment system.
Benefits of Using Toll Roads
Indonesia still operates toll roads with toll fees. However, toll roads in Indonesia are also designed to provide benefits for the following road users.
- Contributing to regional development and economic improvement
- Increasing ease of access and mobility of people and goods
- Saving vehicle operating costs (BOK) and time for road users
- Return on investment for businesses from toll revenue that depends on tariff certainty
In general, toll roads are also built to achieve the goals of toll road development for road users. In addition to smoothing traffic flow, toll roads are also intended to equalize the results of development and justice. Furthermore, the participation of toll road users can also lighten the financial burden on the government.
Longest Toll Roads in Indonesia
In Indonesia, there are about 1,550 kilometers of toll roads operated by the government until the end of 2020. According to an article from Kompas.com, the construction of toll roads from 2015 to 2019 reached 1,298 kilometers.
Most of the actively operated toll road segments in Indonesia connect interprovincial access. By the end of 2020, there were five toll road segments with the longest distances operating in Indonesia. Here are the toll road segments.
1. Terpeka Toll Road
This 189.2-kilometer toll road connects the Terbanggi Besar – Pematang Panggang – Kayu Agung segments. The design of this toll road segment is a continuation of the Bakauheni – Terbanggi Besar toll road. How much budget is needed for its construction?
The construction of this toll road, which cost Rp 21.95 trillion, was built over two years covering the provinces of Lampung and South Sumatra. Its regional route is divided into Terbanggi Besar, Central Lampung, Kayu Agung, and Ogan Komering Ilir.
2. Bakter Toll Road
The Bakauheni – Terbanggi Besar toll road segment is also one of the longest toll roads and is directly connected to the Terpeka toll road. With a distance of 140.9 kilometers, its construction cost a total investment of Rp 16.8 trillion. The budget needs came from Hutama Karya bonds amounting to Rp 6.5 trillion with state capital participation of Rp 2.217 trillion (52%) and Rp 8.078 trillion from banking syndication (48%).
3. Permai Toll Road
Still on the Trans-Sumatra toll road segment, the Pekanbaru – Dumai toll road is also built in six sections. The total design of the toll road reaches 131 kilometers with ten rest and service areas. Of the ten rest areas along the toll segment, 5 are located towards Pekanbaru and the other 5 towards Dumai City.
4. Cipali Toll Road
Shifting to the toll road segment on the island of Java, this 116.75-kilometer road was built with an investment of Rp 13.7 trillion. This toll road segment is designed to reduce the traffic load on the North Coast of Java, especially during the homecoming flow. It is predicted that the Cipali toll road can be used to lighten operational burdens by up to 60 percent.
The Cipali toll road is built and managed by PT Lintas Marga Sedaya. Since November 2019, 55% of the Cipali toll road shares have been acquired by PT Astra Tol Nusantara. Here are the six sections of the Cipali toll road connecting Cikopo, Purwakarta with Palimanan, Cirebon.
- Section 1: Cikopo – Kalijati (27.05 km)
- Section 2: Kalijati – Subang (11.2 km)
- Section 3: Subang – Cikedung (28.7 km)
- Section 4: Cikedung-Kertajati (18.9 km)
- Section 5: Kertajati – Sumberjaya (18.9 km)
- Section 6: Sumberjaya – Palimanan (14.05 km)
5. Solo-Ngawi Toll Road
The construction of the Solo – Ngawi toll road cost an investment of Rp 13.4 trillion with the first Viability Gap Fund (VGF) from the government. This toll road segment consists of five toll gates with a total length of 90.43 kilometers. Its management is carried out by PT Jasa Marga Solo Ngawi (JSN) and is divided into three operational phases as follows.
- Section 1: Ngawi – Klitik
- Section 2: Solo – Sragen
- Section 3: Sragen – Ngawi
The operation of toll roads in
