Various Types of Population Migration and Their Impacts
The movement of people is something that cannot be avoided. Every day, population movements occur, both national and international. The emergence of population movement is a result of social and economic development.
Types of Population Movement
There are various types of population movements that occur in life, including the following.
Immigration
Population movement from abroad to the home country is called immigration. This type of population movement is commonly encountered, especially after the rapid development of transportation technology. People from various countries can easily visit other countries.
Remigration
Remigration is the movement of people back to their country of origin. An example of this international population movement is an ambassador assigned to a foreign country who then returns to Indonesia after their assignment is completed.
Emigration
If immigration is the movement of people from abroad to the home country, then emigration is the opposite. The movement of people from the home country to abroad is called emigration. Emigration is usually done by students who receive scholarships to study abroad and stay there for several years.
Ruralization
Ruralization is the movement of people from cities to villages. Usually, ruralization temporarily occurs during the Idul Fitri holiday, causing urban areas to become quieter for several days.
This ruralization is also referred to as reurbanization. However, reurbanization is more permanent when returning to the village. It is usually done by people who live in cities and then return to the village in their old age.
Urbanization
The movement of people from villages to cities is called urbanization. Urbanization usually occurs because people want to seek fortune in the city and become successful. In fact, only a few succeed, while most become a problem for the city.
Urbanization often creates slum areas in urban settings, with an increase in beggars, street musicians, and unemployment.
Commuting
The movement of people with a round-trip pattern can be referred to as commuting. Commuting is sometimes called forensen. This commuting usually occurs during long holidays. People move to other places and then return after the holiday season ends.
Transmigration
Transmigration is the movement of people from one island to another, but still within the same country. This has occurred on a large scale in Indonesia, where people from Java migrated to the islands of Kalimantan and Sumatra.
Transmigration is carried out to equalize population density and open new land for livelihoods in new places. Transmigration is expected to reduce density on the island of Java. In fact, some people succeed in the transmigration program and become wealthy in those places. Others fail due to a lack of survival skills in the new environment.
Evacuation
The temporary movement of people due to natural disasters or dangerous situations is called evacuation. You will often encounter the term evacuation in buildings, with signs indicating “evacuation point.” This means that you are advised to gather at that point during dangerous situations, making it easier to evacuate to a safe place.
Evacuations usually occur due to natural disasters such as floods, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, and earthquakes. Unlike other population movements that are full of preparation, evacuations are carried out with minimal preparation, or even without any preparation.
Read also: Definition, Requirements, Rights, and Obligations as a Citizen of Indonesia
Impact of Population Movement
The impact of population movement has two types: positive and negative impacts. The positive impact is the reduction of population density in the area left behind. Not only that, cultural diversity will emerge, and people will get to know each other.
The negative impact is that it adds to the population problems in the destination area. It can sometimes manifest as an increase in crime rates and unemployment. Additionally, the area left behind may suffer from a labor shortage, for example, a village that should need labor but ends up lacking because people move to the city.
Author: Iskael
