What is Car Torque? This is its Function, and the Difference from Car Power

When reading car specifications or reviews, you may often come across the term torque. But what exactly is torque in a car? For those who want to understand more, this article will delve deeply into the definition of torque, its important functions, and its fundamental differences with power or horsepower of a car. Let's take a closer look below!

What is Torque in a Car?

In general, torque is the force that causes an object to rotate around a certain point. In the context of cars, torque is the power generated by the engine to turn the car's wheels, from a standstill to moving. It is this torque that determines how quickly a car can reach a certain speed after the gas pedal is pressed.

More technically, torque in a car is generated from the movement of the piston that pushes the crankshaft. This process creates rotational force, which is then transferred to the wheels through the transmission system. The greater the torque a car has, the stronger the push it provides, allowing the car to accelerate faster.

Main Functions of Torque in a Car

Torque plays a key role in supporting acceleration, especially when the vehicle starts moving from a stationary position. Here are some main functions of torque in vehicles:

1. Increases Car Acceleration
   High torque helps the car reach initial speed more quickly. This is very important when you need a quick response, such as when overtaking another vehicle or when driving uphill.

2. Maximizes Push Power on the Wheels
   Generally, torque is produced at low to medium engine speeds. When the driver presses the gas pedal, this torque is then transmitted through the transmission to the wheels, creating a strong push that helps the car move smoothly.

3. Stability on Various Terrains
   High torque provides stability to the vehicle when driving on challenging terrains, such as uphill roads or sandy surfaces. The greater the torque, the stronger the push power that allows the car to traverse those terrains without losing traction.

How Torque Works in a Car

Essentially, torque is generated from the combustion of fuel in the engine that pushes the piston. This piston moves and rotates the crankshaft, creating rotational force that is transmitted to the wheels. This mechanism is also closely related to the vehicle's transmission, which regulates the amount of torque transmitted.

For example, when the car is in a low gear, the torque produced will be greater, which is useful for providing strong acceleration at the start of the journey. In higher gears, the torque decreases, but the car has the power to reach higher speeds.

Differences Between Torque and Car Power

Although torque and power (horsepower) are often mentioned together, they have fundamental differences that are important to understand. Here are some aspects that differentiate the two:

1. Function

• Torque: Functions to support initial acceleration or push, especially when the car starts moving.
• Power: Functions to maintain or increase the car's speed once it is in motion.

2. Calculation Formula and Units

• Torque is calculated by multiplying force by the distance from the rotation point, with units in Newton meters (Nm).
• Power is calculated based on the product of torque and RPM (revolutions per minute) of the engine. The common unit for power is HP (horsepower) or PS.

3. Ability to Manipulate

• Torque: Can be manipulated or adjusted by changing the gear arrangement of the transmission or through the gearbox. For example, using a low gear will increase the torque at the wheels, helping the vehicle accelerate faster.
• Power: Cannot be manipulated directly like torque, as it depends on the engine's capability at certain RPMs.

4. Role When the Car is Stationary and Moving

• Torque is essential when the car is stationary, where the torque from the engine flows through the transmission to initiate wheel movement.
• Power plays a role when the car is already in motion, helping to maintain and increase speed. The higher the power, the faster the car can go.

Why is Understanding Torque Important?

Knowing how much torque a car has is important for drivers to choose a car that suits their needs. For example, if you often drive in a city with heavy traffic or hilly terrain, a car with high torque will be more responsive and efficient. Conversely, if you are looking for high speed on the highway, the car's power will be more relevant.

That is a complete discussion about car torque, from its definition to its function in supporting vehicle acceleration. By understanding the differences between torque and power, you can choose a car that fits your driving needs. I hope this article is helpful!

Author: Anggie Warsito